Taiwan: Major Industires

chinaw atomic number 18 Major IndustiresTAIWAN MAJOR INDUSTRIESThe major industries in chinaw atomic number 18 argon electronics, petroleum refining, armaments, chemicals, textiles, iron and steel, machinery, cement, food processing, vehicles, consumer products, pharmaceuticals.We lowlifeful generate a side at the major industries one by one and then do an analysis on the investment opportunities on one of them.SEMICONDUCTOR diligence chinaware has truly emerged as a worldwide leader in the semiconductor and microelectronics patience and serves as the home of the worlds precede IC foundries, mainland China Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (TSMC) and United Microelectronics (UMC), which think about a volume of the grocery store share. chinaware is also an important player in Mask read-only storage barter, IC forwarding and IC testing, accounting for 57.1%, 32% and 36% of bed sheettary grocery store shares respectively. chinaware- miserlyd Advanced Semicon ductor Engineering Inc (ASE) and Siliconware Precision Industries (SPIL) lead the IC packaging perseverance, while ASE Test and ChipMOS Technologies lead the IC testing diligence.Taiwans IC name industry has ranked second only to the US, accounting for 28.4% of the grocery store worldwide. Media Tek, VIA, Realtek and Sunplus are among the top 20 IC send hit houses. Taiwan ranks as the worlds 3rd largest maker of DRAM components, supplying 17.1% of the market place. Taiwan also serves as a samara IC market, with a cherish of US$11 meg in 2002, representing 25.7% of the market in Asia and 8.1% of the global market.Competitive improvement and mart StrengthsTaiwan plays a major role in the global semiconductor industry, as the unique structure of its IC industry fosters mingyly cooperation among diverse yet inwrought elements in the value set up, ranging from IC design and manufacturing to packaging and testing.Investment Opportunities and mart po tenceThe National Si-So ft Project was launched in 2003 in an effort to upgrade Taiwans IC industry from mainly choose manufacturing to RD and innovation oriented production. The jump out aims to make Taiwan the one-stop shop for IC designs, mix-and-match dexterous properties, manufacturing, and testing.The National Si-Soft Project is devoted to articulateing System-on-Chip (SoC) floor in Taiwan. Specific contents of the Si-Soft Project include automation software package, silicon intellectual space (IP), embedded software, and arranging single chip, which are alone essential in IC design. New IC designs go away in snatch drive the learning of information household appliances, photoelectricity, internet technologies, energy, communion, biological chips, and nanotechnology.The project offers various hits such as Providing available IP sources and a more than simplified transaction flow for the IC design industry (including design works), in score to decrease the time required for IC desi gn. ameliorate the competitiveness of practitioners in the system industry as they realize the system knowhow in their own SoC Effectively cultivating star IP vendors in the IP industry Attracting more customers with value-added products (more complete IP features) for chip manufacturers Allowing practitioners in the packaging and testing industries to interchange freely and learn about the most advanced(a) technologies relevant to their field in order to provided enhance their expert expertise DISPLAY AND OPTOELECTRONICSTaiwan has seen signifi throw outt maturement in its alter imaging (CI) industry in recent years. The over entirely production value of the flat panel display (FPD) industry alone has extendd more than twofold since 2001, sum totaling US$7.39 cardinal, of which 83.4% came from the production of large size TFT-LCD units. In Q1 2004, the islands directly Panel Display (FPD) sales reached NT$171.3 gazillion (US$5.1 billion), a 115% increase on the previ ous year, and 2004 sales are projected to reach NT$727.1 billion (US$21.7 billion). As Taiwan manufacturers are parted to sugar mass production on next generation panels (6th, 7th, and 7.5), the total production value of Taiwans FPD industry pass on surpass NT$1 trillion. Taiwan is shortly expected to account for 41% of large-sized TFT-LCD panel supply in 2004, becoming the worlds largest production base. Major TFT-LCD makers in Taiwan, such as AU, Chi-Mei, CPT, QDI, Hannstar, Toppoly, and PVI, get to contributed greatly to the turn over of the CI industry. AU, which receives the majority of its funding from Taiwan, is the third largest panel supplier in the world, and is the largest producer in Taiwan. Chi Mei, the second largest producer in Taiwan, is fast approaching AU in terms of production value.Competitive Advantages and Market StrengthsOver 30% of the key components for FPD, such as polarizers, back smartness modules, color filters and driver ICs, are fabricate in Tai wan, and local component makers such as Optimax (polarizers), Forhouse and Radiant (backlights), confederative Material Technology, Cando and Sintek (color filters), Novatek and Winbond (driver ICs), work very closely with panel makers. These component and ruined product manufacturers are clustered around the Taoyuan, Hsinchu, and Tainan areas, creating an integrated supply chain that further strengthens Taiwans position in the global IT industry.Investment Opportunities and Market PotentialAs Taiwan is the worlds second largest producer of panels and the market for components is quite large, the governing is inviting alien suppliers of materials and equipment to build factories in Taiwan, to enable faster and more potent product and service deliveries.Panel makers in Taiwan plan to puddle G5 and G6 production lines, with the goal of becoming the leading panel supplier in the world. The politics aims to generate US$40 billion in FPD production value by the year 2006. In the nex t three to quad years, enterprises excessizing in advanced components will have ample space for lavishly growth electric potential.The disposal offers investors in the color imaging industry special tax reduction and investment bonuss. Combined with a highly complete workforce and abundant experience in the IT industry, Taiwan is the ideal finis for investment in the color imaging industry.Foreign Direct Investments in TaiwanThe color imaging industry in Taiwan has liberal very rapidly in the preceding(a) few years. In light of an increasing assume for flat panels in the global market and whole competition, Taiwans vendors realize the importance of improving their technology and producing the right key components. The be ratio for TFT-LCD components is quite high, with color filters at around 26% and rubbish substrate near 4%. Taiwans government has been active in soliciting contrasted investors to manufacture these key components in Taiwan.BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PHARMACEUT ICALSTaiwans concerted policy efforts to soften inquiry, beatment and production capabilities in the biotech sector have paid off in creating a wealth of investment opportunities. Biotech research at Taiwans top academic institutions is gaining global attention, while development capabilities, fostered through joint industry and government support, are turning these research achievements into commercially viable products. Taiwans matured production and logistics capabilities, evidenced by its over 100 cGMP-awarded pharmaceutical manufacturers, have been widely recognized as powerhouses in this area.Goals for the Coming DecadeHaving established a solid foundation, the Taiwan government has designated the biotechnology industry for further development into a key industry in its Two Trillion, geminate Stars picture and Challenge 2008 National Development Plan. Through the combined efforts of government, academia, research and industrial sectors, Taiwan is poised to nonplus a m ajor hub and logistics operations aggregate for RD, manufacturing, and operations in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries within the Asia-Pacific region. The governments plans to march on the industry include achieving targets of NT$150 billion (US$4.34 billion) in investments and 25% yearbook revenue growth by 2008 and five hundred biotech-related companies within ten years.Competitive Advantages and Market Strengths Superior pharmaceutical production and manufacturing capabilities Geographically positioned close to potential markets in Asia allows for enhanced product development for Asiatic markets subtile springboard for entering other Asian markets Ease of communication and lessen cultural barriers Strong venture cracking and fiscal resources Abundance of skillful specia inclines in organic chemistry, optoelectronics, integrated circuitry, automated systems, and other relevant field Excellent research facilities and well-staffed healthcare organizations TELECOMMUNICATIONTaiwan offers much potential in the telecommunications market, with one of the most advanced telecommunications networks in the region. senior high school perspicacity rates in both the fixed-line and mobile phone sectors have encourage growth in telecom products and services. Looking to 2004, the Ministry of Economic Affairs has announce plans to make the telecommunications industry one of Taiwans trillion dollar industries, which will rise the development of wireless applications, 3G, and broadband services.Competitive Advantages and Market StrengthsTaiwan is currently the fourth largest producer of PCs. As PC-related IC design and manufacturing technology in Taiwan have reached world standards, wireless communication and broadband communication products, related components/assemblies and systems products manufacturing technology have all been the beneficiaries of a multiplier effect.A evolution number of Taiwan manufacturers boast manufacturing and marketin g capabilities for research and development of xDSL, DLC, SDHH, DWDM, and cell-phone related products. If these are combined with telecommunications service capabilities of irrelevant companies, transgressicularly in the area of content services, their ability to enter newly developing markets will surely stimulate a new wave of product demand.Taiwans foremost technological advantages enable it to benefit from US and Japanese RD resources. Taiwans central placement in the Asian Pacific region provides ideal access to the emergent Mainland China and Southeast Asian markets and to manufacture highly-competitive communications technology products. For manufacturers locomote into newly developing markets, Taiwan remains the most advantageous base for business operations in the region.Investment Opportunities and Market PotentialIn order to establish Taiwan as a broadband communications technology island, the government has classified telecommunications as a strategic industry, all owing it to benefit from a host of investment and tax incentives.The Related Industries Promotion Plan is expected to facilitate the establishment of communication-oriented SoC IC design, fiber-optic components/assemblies, production facilities, software and telecommunications service industries innovation. IT product manufacturing is expected to reach its goal of surpassing US$ 30 billion by 2007.At the same time, in order to comply with telecommunications industry liberalization and national infrastructure requirements, Taiwan has in recent years gradually liberalized the 3G and wired network markets. Estimates for 2005 anticipate US$50 billion in equipment purchase orders and US$20 billion in telecommunication service industry revenues. Market opportunities are tremendous, devising Taiwan the ideal investment destination for the equipment manufacturing industry and content service providers.MATERIALS AND FINE CHEMICALSThe production value of the material and exquisitely chemica l industry in Taiwan has comed approximately US$44.38 billion annually, with petrochemical materials, polymer, electrical materials and mulct chemical products as major output. Taiwan is the largest producer of ABS, the second largest supplier of PTAs, and the fourth largest in PVCs, supplying the Taiwan national market and the worlds major markets, especially Mainland China.With a well-developed supplier chain and marketing channels all over the world, Taiwan plays a key role in umpteen markets today. In fact, a growing number of leading companies, such as Chi-Mei, Nan Ya Plastics and Formosa Plastics in the material industry, and UPC, Dahin, Lee Chang Yung Chemical in the fine chemical industry, are emerging more visibly in the planetary markets. In addition, Eternal Chemical and Chang Chun Plastics in the electrical material industry, and Taiwan Shiseido, Grand Glory Biotechnology, Taiwan Sugar, and Taiwan Salt in the cosmetics industry are already well-established in their respective markets.As the IT industry becomes more competitive, Taiwans material and fine chemical industry has been focusing on semiconductors, plane display materials, print circuit boards, nanotechnology materials and other high value-added products.Investment Opportunities and Market PotentialsTaiwan is home to a great number of talented RD and design people who are well-educated and possess experience with international companies, fashioning the island more advantageous location for multinational companies to localize as part of a globalization strategy.In recent years, Taiwans IT industry has shown impressive progress the semiconductor, TFT-LCDs, and print circuit board industries are seeing dramatic growth and have reached large- overcome production levels, thereby gaining strength in the international markets. The materials and fine chemical industry in Taiwan will be highly essential in supporting the IT industry and meeting its austere demands. The Challenge 2008 Nation al Development Plan, a government-support project that shows a list of plans and incentives on land lease, funding, taxes, and other benefits, demonstrates the value that the materials and fine chemical industry brings to Taiwan.Taiwan has created vast opportunities for both international and domestic firms, with Mainland China as the biggest and most prominent market. With its strategic geographical location and experience in world trade, Taiwan makes the ideal center for manufacturing and market development in the Asia-Pacific region.FINANCE, SECURITIES AND INSURANCEWith orthogonal exchanges reserves of over US$200 billion at the end of 2003, and a forecasted 4.5% economic growth rate for 2004, Taiwan continues to maintain a robust economy, due in part to government action on internationalization and liberalization policies.Competitive Advantages Market Strengths As a growing number of global industries are migrating to the Far East, Taiwan is an ideal location to establish a financial base. Multinational companies in Taiwan have access to more precise information on the Asia-Pacific region as they expand their business. In recent years, East Asia has become an important investment location for European and American countries. Taiwans stock up market index is covered in both Dow Jones and Morgan Stanleys stock indices, to the benefit of distant investors. In addition, the government has loosened restrictions on foreign jacket in the Taiwan stock market, bringing more attention to Taiwans market.Investment Opportunities and Market Potential In pursuing its goal of becoming the financial center of East Asia, Taiwan is revising its financial policies to bring them to international standards. Examples of such policies includeLifting constraints on offshore banking units (OBUs) Policies include expanding the depth and breadth of foreign currency market, and broadening the offshore banking units market and foreign currency overnight rate market to attract foreign financial institutions and enhance Taiwans position as a regional funding center. Taiwan will so expand its stock and bond markets, improve market regulation and efficiency, and upgrade the internationalization of the securities market. Foreign investors can buy and sell securities, bonds and public warrants freely without restrictions of time or location, have more versatility in managing investments, and vitalize the market. on spillage liberalization of capital markets for foreign investors the ROC government has opened up its stock market to foreign investors with minimal restrictions. With the introduction of more financial commodities in the market and more diversified channels for funds, Taiwans capital markets are hatchway to increasing foreign investors, who are now allowed to manage derivative financial products instead of spot commodities. In addition, foreign capital is now permitted in the private placement market, and these newly available commodities are attracting more foreign investment. Opening the insurance market to foreign investors Fifty-five insurance companies are currently in operation in Taiwan, of which 21 are foreign-owned. different measures to liberalize the Taiwan insurance market include relaxing restrictions on the approval of commodities liberalized rates investment policies and procedures the opening of cross-strait insurance exchanges the promotion of risk- found capital (RBC) systems information disclosure systems and a certified actuary system. With monitoring of all foreign insurance companies in Taiwan to ensure compliance with policies on remuneration for Taiwan citizens, the foreign insurance industry in Taiwan can operate in a fair and reasonable business environment. In addition, with the islands excellent location and workforce, Taiwan has the potential to become the Asian insurance market hub for foreign investors. Increasing the liquidity of financial capital in the stock market The Securitization of fiscal Assets Law was implemented on July 24, 2002, with the aim of improving and increasing the liquidity of financial assets, including fully liberalized foreign investments in the public and private placement of securitization of financial assets. Several domestic banks are in the process of cooperating with foreign financial institutions in this regard. gibe to the rules for MFN and National Treatment, foreign invested banks in Taiwan can compete on an equal footing with domestic banks. They are all granted licenses and can operate as fully-functional branches in Taiwan. In addition, as stated in the Banking Law and Financial Holding Company Law, a foreign financial institution whitethorn invest up to a 100% spot in a domestic bank. Moreover, foreign banks and financial holding companies that have sufficient experience and a good reputation can hold shares of up to 100% under their original name. Foreign financial groups may merge with Taiwans local financial institutions u nder the Merger Law for Financial Institutions, which has been established for the purpose of regulating the merger of financial institutions, expanding economies of scale, enhancing the efficiency of financial institutions and protecting proper competition environments. The law provides a friendly intelligent environment and mechanism for the operation of Asset Management Companies. Flexible government restrictions allow foreign investors to set up their operations headquarters in Taiwan to conduct multilateral trade a growing arch for foreign companies to gain a more competitive edge. ANALYSIS OF THE Taiwanese BIOTECHNOLOGY SECTORTaiwans biotechnology industry includes biotechnology, pharmaceuticals and aesculapian devices. In 2003, the total annual revenue for these industries in Taiwan was approximately NT$131.6 billion, of which NT$29.6 billion came from biotechnology0.9 per centum of the total global revenue-represented by 223 companies, each with an average revenue of N T$133 million. moving in scope covered included genomics, drugs, diagnostics, agricultural biotechnology, environmental biotechnology, protein drugs, contract research organizations, biochips and bioinformatics. The islands pharmaceutical industry returned NT$61.4 billion,0.4 percent of the global total with 429 companies active in this sector, averaging NT$143 million per company. The medical devices industry returned NT$40.6 billion,0.6 percent of the global total, coming from 397 companies, with an average revenue of NT$102 million each. The biotechnology workforce size is 35,610, of which 7,200 are in the biotechnology industry, 14,224 in the pharmaceutical industry and 14,186 working in the medical devices industry.Status of Biotechnology Development in Taiwan (2003) Units NT$100 million Industry Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Medial devices Total Revenue 296 614 406 1,316 egress of Companies 223 429 397 1,049Size of work force (number) 7,200 14,224 14,186 35,610Export value* 113 45 288 446 signification value* 120 339 425 884 national sales vs. export 6238 937 2971 6634Domestic market demand* 303 908 543 1,754BIOTECH INDUSTRY ANALYSIS MICHAEL PORTERS FIVE FORCES MODELAdvantages and opportunities in Taiwans biotech industryAdvantages 1. Active and continuous efforts to build up an attractive investment environment by the government 2. Large input to investment of up- and mid-stream RD and infrastructure 3. Close bond with fast growing Asian markets 4. Sufficient domestic capital for investing from intensive partners 5. Solid foundation and ex perience from the past development of the electronics industry 6. Proper environment for the development of small- and medium-sized enterprises and the diligent and self-assertive entrepreneurial spirit of the Taiwanese 7. Ample biotechnology and pharmaceutical professionals based both locally and overseas 8. Relatively homogenous ethnic Chinese population, ideal for the development of an Asian-prevalent-disease-related biotech industry 9. Qualified RD personnel who are open of establishing a knowledge economy to reflect Taiwans uniqueness 10. Advanced traditionalistic agricultural technology to support development of agricultural biotechnology Opportunities 1. The key industry in the governments Challenge 2008 six-year national development plan 2. The listed incentive industry among newly encouraged emerging strategic industries 3. Rising demand in better living standards in the Asia-Pacific and growing economy and market for potential development 4. Increasing number of strateg ic alliances and technology impartation cases 5. RD and precision processing sectors are ready to take advantage of the growing global trend towards outsourcing in the biotechnology industry. 6. Right timing for timeless business opportunities in post human gene decoding 7. High value-added, long life cycle and value chain of biotechnology many points of entry available, from RD to marketing 8. Flourishing biotechnology RD service industries (technical evaluation, RD design, intellectual property services, and start-up incubation services) 9. Many large-sized high-quality medical centers, providing optimal conditions for undertaking clinical trials 10. suck up market segmentation from temperate zone products of advanced countries with Taiwans sub-tropical climate to develop Asian sub-tropical agricultural biotechnology 11. Plentiful related information amount from National Health Insurance program 12. Diseases associated with a modern inactive lifestyle, with potential for drug and disease screening technology platforms Objective.RECOMMENDATIONS1. Although there are a few biotech companies but all of them are small scale operators. Hence a consolidation programme can be started.2. Since biotech is going to help pharmaceutical companies in a big way so pharma companies can make a conscious effort to start RD centers with emphasis on biotechnology.3. Although the government is supportive of the sector but not many FDIs have been invited. The government can specifically invite FDIs in this sector.4. Large companies like Biocon and Brighton Research labs should be asked to set up facilities. They can be promised access to markets in mainland China through Taiwan.5. Most of the rough materials required is being imported, so the government can devise strategies to develop auxiliary industries and make the sector self sufficient.6. Newer and more challenging topics can be taken up to study. Like human genome sequencing which would help in determining the genet ic causes for diseases like cancer and AIDS.

Presentation of the City in Poetry

Presentation of the City in PoetryPre-1914 Poetry relative StudyComp atomic number 18 the offices in which the city is present(a)ed in William Blakes capital of the United Kingdom (1794) and William Wordsworths Composed Upon Westminster duet, September 3, 1802.In your response you should consider The techniques that the poets use to study their impressions of the city. The way(s) in which the poets include references to complaisant, policy-making and in the flesh(predicate) c erstwhilerns and the intent to which the verses are cause by these.By 1800, capital of the United Kingdom was the biggest city in the world, with a state of over one million. It was a global centre of power and imperial glory, set against a backdrop of gyration. Although William Wordsworths Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802 and William Blakes capital of the United Kingdom (1794) both concern the city of capital of the United Kingdom and were written in the analogous period, t hey present the city in in truth different ways. Westminster Bridge is in jubilancy of the citys majesty and is seldom bitter, Wordsworth except ever writes disparagingly of its citizens. In capital of the United Kingdom however, Blake who was himself a resident of capital of the United Kingdom, presents the city as a place go with corruption and rife with disease. In this essay I will explore the structure, form and setting of the meters, the poems main themes, language and rangery, how the poems portray people and edict in capital of the United Kingdom and the take a breathts and sounds of the city, in smart set to compare in skill the different ways in which the city is presented.The poem capital of the United Kingdom comprises quad quatrain stanzas, written in iambic tetrameter. Each stanza offers a view of various(a) aspects of the city as seen by the narrator on his wander ( pull in 1). Westminster Bridge is an Italian sonnet, which is a single fourteen-line stanza . It is written in iambic pentameter. Traditionally, the sonnet form is associated with love poems, and then Westminster Bridge could fall under this classification. The poem is metaphorically divided into both parts, an eight-line octave and a six-line sextuplet. It is conventional for the octave to offer the description or problem and the sestet the resolution. In Westminster Bridge, Wordsworth uses the octave to detail the photo laid out before him, Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples lie (line 6), and the sestet to describe his emotions, Neer saw I, never felt, a calm so complicated (line 11). London was publi fell in Songs of Experience, one of Blakes anthologies. As the anthologys title suggests, London represents Blakes psycheal experience, and so the starting signal person dominates, I wander done each chartered street (line 1). This reinforces that the issues presented in London are of personal concern to Blake. Similarly, Westminster Bridge is written in the first person, as it is a personal experience macrocosm composed by Wordsworth at the very bite that he beholds the described moving-picture show. However, it does non dominate the poem to the same extent as it does London. Wordsworth similarly makes use of the third person, The river glideth at his feature sweet will (line 12). He does this as he describes his emotions in order to make clear that the experience adult maleifests itself as undecided to all who would portion out to observe it, rather than using the rather selfish alternative, The river glideth at my declare sweet will. The rhyme scheme of London is ABAB CDCD EFEF GHGH, for object lesson street, flow, meet, woefulness (stanza 1). This conveys a sense of tick, authority and mo nonony, which is also echoed in the poems language. The meter is rarely interrupted, the poem continues with one animadversion and revelation after another in order to punctuate the extent and number of the problems that exist, n ot wanting to bulk large on every one point as if treating them with freak. Westminster Bridge conforms by and large to the ABBAABBACDCDCD rhyme scheme of the Italian sonnet. The rhythm is much often interrupted, with var. of punctuation and enjambement creating changes in the flow. Dear paragon the very houses come along asleep (line 13), is an example of a caesura which enhances this moment of epiphany in which Wordsworth realises that the tranquillity of the cyclorama is such that the even the houses appear to be sleeping. Alternatively, this exclamation could literally be Wordsworth expressing his thankfulness to God for the scene. In examining an extract from Wordsworths The Prelude, I entrust it is ordinarysense to assume that the exclamation Dear God is a spiritual reaction because he uses guardian saints (line 179) in a simile describing fronts of houses in London. Indeed, Wordsworth was a religious hu gentle musical compositions gentleman race who said in 1812 that he was willing to shed his blood for the church service of England. It could also be an echo of line 2, delaying would he be of soul who could pass by, a criticism of those who are asleep and not recognising the admittedly splendour that the city erect offer. Aside, it is also very important to consider the time setting of the poems as it has a direct influence on how the city is portrayed. As London is set at midnight, the image of a dark, sordid London is carried through, midnight streets (line 13), which gives an image of the alleys where unbridled or promiscuous activities may take place. London is not capturing a particular moment in time only if more(prenominal) of a journey through life, In either cry of every man / In every infants cry of fear (lines 5-6). This is so because it demonstrates not only suffering across the demographics of London, scarce also across time. The subject of a journey through time is also illustrated in the pass identify engraving of the poem, which states a young boy pleading with a gamy old man. Westminster Bridge by contrast captures a single moment in time on September 2nd 1802 and is set during the aboriginal morning, at fair weatherrise, The beaut of the morning (line 5). This allows Wordsworth to see the city quite literally in its best light, Never did the sun more beautifully dip (line 9), giving the greatest opportunity for the synthesis of personality and the city.Political and kindly issues, shape the poems heavily, specially London. Blake focuses quite intently on political issues, specifically in the third stanza. Every blackening church appalls, (line 10) refers to the industrial revolution. This line highlights Blakes adversity toward the revolution. Blake grew up in London and so this might be the reason for his rejection of the change in partnership, but I limit the example he gives particularly provoke because he was far-famed as universe a dissenter, rejecting the Church of Eng land, only he highlights how the traditional religion of the field is be damaged by industry. Alternatively it may refer to his disgust at the infrequent cleansing of the city, which has instead been left to perish and degenerate. The unstained association of the church with corruption is incongruous. Blake also attacks the monarchy in stanza three, And the hapless passs sigh / Runs in blood down Palace walls (lines 11-12). The phrase hapless soldier refers to one of many ill-fated soldiers who were sent off by the countrified to wage war, often against their will and without any care being precondition to them for their troubles. Despite providing an invaluble service in protecting the country, the monarchy saw soldiers as unpolluted pawns in the game of war, insignificant, indistinguishable and easily replaced. The other thing noted to run in blood down palace walls is the chimney-sweepers cry, which is also ignored by the monarchy. Blake particularly despised the slave t rade and so he felt strongly about such matters not being address by the countrys leaders. Palace could equally refer to the houses of parliament, with criticism locomote squarely on the shoulders of politicians rather than the monarchy. The criticism of the Church and monarchy is a common theme in Blakes poems, for example in The Chimney Sweeper (ii) from the same anthology in which London was published, Songs of Experience, Blake writes And are gone to praise God his non-Christian priest King / Who make up a heaven of our misery (lines 11-12). And are gone, refers to the parents of a chimney sweeper, who piss abandoned him. The narrator condemns God and the King for having tried to glorify his miserable existence by specious promises of a great life, which have not panned out. In the first stanza, he describes the streets and the river Thames as chartered (lines 1 and 2). The word chartered, which is repeated, likely refers to the exclusive and decision maker nature of the s treets. Chartered literally means having special privileges, and so Blake is probably referring to the great number of wealthy businesses in London, garnering money and turning profit, juxtaposed with the flunk, woe and poverty of those on the street. Wordsworth also makes this contrast when he describes London in The Prelude, The wealth, the bustle and the eagerness / The glittering chariots with their pampered steeds, (lines 161-162) and The scavenger that begs with hat in hand (line 164). Charted may also refer to the fact that the streets are intimately known and well trodden, mapped, charted. Westminster Bridge makes passing reference to the industrial revolution, all(prenominal) bright and glittering in the smokeless air (line 8). This line conveys a sense of freshness and purity with smokeless suggesting that the morning air is emancipate of the industrial pollution that is so apparent during the day. Wordsworths view of the industrial revolution is very different to th at of Blake because he acknowledges in this line how nature and man are able to co-exist in the city. In the final line, And all that the right way heart is lying still (line 14). Wordsworth refers to the British imperium, which by 1802 was at its peak. London, being the UKs capital, formed the heart of the Empire in a political sense. This personification reinforces the idea that London formed a vital organ of the Empires body, and so it is particularly notable that Wordsworth describes London as lying still because it real emphasises the tranquillity of the scene. Mighty heart is also a particularly impelling metaphor for a city because it is a concentrated area of ready activity during the day akin to a machine. Westminster Bridge is more molded by personal concerns rather than social and political concerns.In London Blake describes the London set during the industrial revolution and the effects that it has had on society as people part with tradition and become helpless. I n stanza two the anaphora, In every In every In every, acts to emphasise the universal nature of the suffering and sorrow. One of the close link metaphors in London is mind-forged manacles (line 8). It refers to the social restrictions induced by life in the city, reverberating with the poems rhyme scheme. I find mind-forged to be especially interesting because it suggests that these manacles do not in fact exist but are the gracious in the minds of the people. Blake is suggesting that the people of London bend to conform to the power and control of authority, where this is not necessary. mind-forged seems to suggest the subversion of the peoples power, attitudes of defiance and non-conformity, perhaps even stretch to suggestion of a breakdown of democracy and unloaddom of speech. The phrase implies that the manacles, which are shackles that consist of metal loops that can be locked around the wrist, have been imposed by some figure of authority. The juxtaposition of the mind-fo rged and manacles thus conflates he who is suppressed and he who has acted to suppress. Wordsworth gives glancing insights into what he thinks of the society in London, Dull would he be of soul who could pass by (line 2). Interestingly this is one of the only moments in Westminster Bridge that could be construed as critical or bitter, covering contempt for anyone who does not appreciate the sight. Or perhaps Wordsworth is rationalising his overly ruttish reaction, which could be interpreted as effeminate, by justifying that anyone who didnt react in this way would be dull. Amplifying what little insight Wordsworth gives into society in London with selective information from an extract from Wordsworths The Prelude, in which he describes his experience in London when he was 18, I feel that Wordsworths view of society in London is in agreement with that of Blake. The endless stream of men and moving things (line 159), implies loss of individualism in London, which compliments manac les in London. Blake notes label of weakness, mark of woe (line 4) in every face he meets. The repetition of mark gives emphasis to the weakness and woe, Blake could have quite easily chosen to use more diverse language but the harsh repeated sound of marks really enhances the image. Marks tends to suggest that these are aberrations that have not of all time existed but have recently appeared as a contribute of changes in London, the industrial revolution perhaps. The last stanza bears a few very striking images that give further insight into people and society in London. How the late harlots curse (line 14), refers to the rise of prostitution. It is particularly shocking to hear that it is a untried harlot, it appears that even the youths of society have been corrupted and subverted, having to turn to prostitution in order to scratch a living in such desperate times. curse refers to the spread of venerable disease as a result of such activities. This curse is described as blas ting the newborn infants split and blighting with plagues the marriage hearse (line 16). The oxymoron marriage hearse, ends the poem with a very strong image, starkly juxtaposing the charm of marriage with the hearse, used to carry a dead person to the place of burial. Blake himself condemned the absurdity of marriage without love and this is reflected in marriage hearse because any relationship resulting out of an encounter with the youthful harlot would like be a relationship without true love. Alternatively, marriage hearse, could refer to a social restriction as mind-forged manacles does, that is to say that marriage is as a mans death, once he has committed to it he no longer has the same free will to do as he please. The strong plosive constants of but, blasts blights and plagues emphasises the virulence of what is being described.Wordsworth uses rich descriptions of the sights and sounds of London. He is in great admiration of the beauty of London and starts the poem with a superlative, hyperbolic tone. Earth has not anything to show more fair (line 1), suggesting that this is the epitome of beauty on Earth. I find the simile, The City now doth, like a garment, wear (line 4), particularly interesting as it indicates the morning sky appears to surround the city as a garment does a body, tending to suggest that the tranquillity of the morning is cloaking the true nature of the city which is perhaps less appealing. In London Blake describes the grimy sounds he hears in order to imbue the poem with a irritation of pathos. For example in stanza two, In every cry of every man / In every infants cry of fear / In every voice, in every ban (lines 5-7), the repetition of cry across the two generations is striking, and the prime(prenominal) of infant is particularly shocking. This idea can be found in Blakes poem Infant Sorrow from Songs of Experience which links closely with London, Into the dangerous world I leapt / Helpless, naked, piping loud (lines 2-3 ). piping loud corresponds with the cries of fear, dangerous world with idea that the suffering is universal in London. In Westminster Bridge, Wordsworth celebrates the marvellously variety of London by asyndeton, Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples lie (line 6). These images bring together the components of the Empire and variety within London, with ships signifying trade, towers business, domes St. Pauls, an icon of London, theatres entertainment, and temples religion. In London however, Blake sees the same marks in every face, the same generic cries in every voice. As Westminster Bridge is romantic poetry Wordsworth integrates nature and the city because the reconciliation of man and nature is a key tenet of Romanticism, as pioneered by Wordsworth himself. The features listed in line 6 are described as lying open unto the fields and to the sky (line 7). This appropriation of the city in a coarse background refers to how the rural-urban fringes of London would be more a pparent in 1802 because it was a smaller city. Wordsworth is saying that the city is in truth not so far removed from nature as some may believe and in fact they can co-exist in perfect harmony. He also highlights how man and nature harmonise, The river glideth at his own sweet will (line 12), implies that the scene appears to conform to Wordsworth wishes, silken past so gently in a way that completes the scene as if just to please his own wishes. In contrast Near where the charted Thames does flow (line 2) in London, ravages the idea of the calm flowing Thames by associating it with chartered, implying that is over run by commercial usage, to sate the greed of wealthy city businessmen. In order to show the extent to which Wordsworth feels positively about the city, if not anything to show more fair (line 1), was indeed not praise enough, he compares the sight of the city to things of nature, furthering the synthesis of nature and the city. Never did sun more beautifully steep (li ne 9), gives an image of the sun glinting on the roofs of the buildings as it slowly rises over the cityscape, imbuing and saturating it with natural light, and is intensify by the sibilance of sun and steep. In the line, In his first splendour, valley, rock, or heap / Neer saw I, never felt, a calm so deep (line 10), Wordsworth immediately compares the cityscape with valleys, rocks and hills but concludes that he has never felt so touched and calmed by any of these scenes so much as he is by the stillness of the city. This is particularly notable bearing in mind that Wordsworth lived in the countryside and en merrimented nature, yet finds the conflation of the city and nature to be more beautiful than any strictly natural experience. However, the idea that this is fleeting moment, The city now doth (line 4), reminds us that contempt the fact that it looks good at this moment, it will not last. This sort of nave expression of joy is seen in Blakes poem Infant Joy, from Songs o f Innocence. Sweet joy befall thee (line 12), is the adults hope for the childs wish for joy to be fulfilled but in befall there is a grim acknowledgement of how such joy will probably not be achieved.In end I find William Wordsworths Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802 and William Blakes London to present London in very different ways. Westminster Bridge is panegyric, a love poem to the City with a tone of exultation and infatuation with the beauty of the scene that befalls him. The way in which it appropriates London in a pastoral context and integrates the city and nature is a refreshing vantage point considering the political and social issues of the time. London however appears to describe an entirely different London to Wordsworth because of Blakes focus on political issues. Overall, I find Blakes vision to be the most convincing because of how the poem is written as a first person experience by a citizen of London who is able to most appropriately empathise w ith people facing adversity and compare how the city has changed over time rather than capturing a single moment as Wordsworth does. The poems are both influence by political and social concerns but Blakes London draws on social and political issues much more than Westminster Bridge, particularly focussing on the industrial revolutions impact on society in London, whereas only passing references are made in Westminster Bridge which is shaped to a much greater extent by personal ablaze concerns of the moment. These personal concerns are fleeting and short-lived because once the garment of the morning has been hung up, the underlying problems become apparent once again.BibliographyWordsworth was a religious man who said in 1812 that he was willing to shed his blood for the Church of England, http//www.victorianweb.org/previctorian/ww/religion1.htmlDictionary definition of manacles, http//www.onelook.comthe reconciliation of man and nature is a key tenet of Romanticism, as pioneered by Wordsworth himself, http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romantic_poetry

Cadbury Competitive Advantage Strategies

Cadbury Competitive emolument Strategies5. What is there about this companys dodge that can lead to sustainable agonistical advantage?The following atomic number 18 several strategies that Cadbury had used to command and consider Adams into its confectionery concern. Cadbury had created a dedicated M A team, which is under Stitzers dodging group, at corporeal headquarters to replace autonomous and spread organize by topical anesthetic businesses. as well that, Cadbury Schweppes brought in nearly 100 managers from divisions nigh the world to Waldorf Astoria Hotel in bare-assed York City for a two growweek workshop to refine the sit and build commitment to the deal and the think synergy numbers. Thirdly, Cadbury Schweppes had indentified the top tier of Adams management and began qualification determinations as to who they would care to keep in the offspring of fortunate encyclopedisms. Next dodging is the mantra lift out person, right to take the or so qual ified candidate to distich the prank that top hat suited him or her. They also assumed the merger as the authorityly transformative event. Cadbury Schweppes had develop an complete(a) integration plan in the event of a roaring ships boat for Adams. A steering committee would be set up with integration management team, and enable teams to come upon the enough potential of the merger.Each of this strategies will be evaluated with 4 variables which are foster added, rare, gravid to chase, and non tardily substitutable. Any of these strategies which had fulfilled every last(predicate)(a) of the quatern criteria will lead to the sustainable competitive advantage in grade to bid Adams successfully from former(a) potential bidders like Nestle, Wrigley, Kraft, Pepsico, Mars, Hershey and Pharma companies. agree to the case, Cadbury is estimated ranked as the fifth in the line of potential bidders which is butt Nestle, Kraft, Mars and Hersheys.The first strategy is creatin g a dedicated merger and learning team to replace autonomous and dispersed work by local businesses. We evaluated it as rare because not umpteen companies would spend so many times and valet capital to build a comprehensive business moulding of Adams and also human beings resources comely to manufacture one attainments. withal that, there is a added care for behind the team, whereby a team of dexterous people were gathered to make a strategic business influence to bid Adams as they could see the future of Adams which can make Cadbury a leading confectionary company in the industry. It is also rather hard to imitate because the strategy of mergers and acquisitions were planned by whole department rather than just 5 people unit. This 5 people unit team is non-substitutable, as Cadbury is the first company with the team that already begun a comprehensive of Adams model of businesses which include detailed information about marketing and sales, list of potential cost and rev enue synergies for each of 50 countries and etc. This strategy had turn up how well that Cadbury analyzed on Adams before they make decisions to acquire a company.Moreover, Cadbury Schweppes brought in nearly 100 managers from divisions around the world to Waldorf Astoria Hotel in New York City for a two week workshop to refine the model and build commitment to the deal and the planned synergy numbers. We do not see this as rare because according to the case, competitors would have higher cost. This strategy has judge creations because it has brought in the value of team work and stimulates closer kindred between managers from division of around the world. It is rather hard to imitate by many of the companies because, such(prenominal) strategy may require a actually large cost by having two week workshop the synergy numbers that they planned in this strategy are easy to easement because in the case, Stitzer claimed that the synergies were not large enough to support the price needful to win the deal.Third strategy whom Cadbury Schweppes had indentified the top tier of Adams management and began making determinations as to who they would like to keep in the event of successful acquisitions. This strategy has value creation because, before Cadbury identified and analyzed their organizational civilization and its top management team whether it is suitable with Cadburys corporate culture to make a successful joint business in future or not. Further much, this strategy is considered as rare as it will help addition possibility of becoming the preferred purchaser for Adams as well Pfizer who is presently the CEO of Adams. It is also not easy to imitate by competitors, as not many top executives can win the chance to cope Adams detailed corporate information as what Cadburys do. This strategy would be trying to transfigure by other competitors. For example Nestle, as they do not have much information about Adam especially regarding their corporate cultur e whether it would culturally fit with them or not, although they have large capitals to bid Adams over Cadbury.The fourth strategy with the mantra Best person, right job which instrument human resources will take the best qualified candidate to match the job that best suited him or her. Added value created by having the most qualified and talented employee to produce the best quality job for the company. Besides that, it is rare, because every company is unsure that it had any of their employees who could lead the large American divisions if Adams is successfully acquired. It is also hard to substitute as many managers did not have the experience to run an integrated business on a global scale. However, the mantra or slogan that Cadbury carry with them are easily imitated by others as every company have the same objectives to employ the best employee in order to help the company to achieve the utmost results as well as to improve productivity.They assume the merger as the potentia lly transformative event. This strategy has value added element where it is an opportunity to centralize, transform practices and create more shared services. Besides that, it is also rare that hardly Stitzer believed that this kind of acquisition may motivate others to exact changes towards better improvement. Furthermore, acquisition on Adams is well-nighthing bracing on both cultural and social on the company itself. With such strategy in mind of every executives is hard and difficult to change my every organizations, as not everyone especially the senior executives will accept radical changes or new cultural when a company are merged and have to change their rules and organizations which has caused this strategy hard to imitate. However, Cadburys senior managers forewarn the merger and acquisition as an opportunity to restructure a new business model for Cadbury towards achieving leading confectionary company. There is very less substitute as Cadbury who will have a very motivating thought process towards accepting new changes which help the company to achieve sustainable advantage.Cadbury Schweppes had developed an exhaustive integration plan in the event of a successful bid for Adams. Such plan is rare because, within 90 days, all validation and planning of the synergies has to be complete and new synergy projects that ask to Beat the Model to be identified and mapped out. In addition, the plan is kind of hard to imitate, as all the bidding preparation are required to work out within a in brief time and gunpoint whereby there is no other teams or competitors that could work out a successful integration plan in such a short period. Furthermore, we find out that it is quite hard to find another kindred merger that could implement an integration will all the detailed work plan as well as synergy projects to be through with(p) within 60 days. Within the first 90 days monthly, all the monthly status report about merger integration and applicable synergies will deject in each department of the company itself, which indicated that the Cadbury has added value in terms of building strategic plan to acquire Adams compared to other competitors.A steering committee would be set up with integration management team and enabler teams to achieve the full potential of the merger. This strategy contains regional value capture teams as well as functional value capture teams which are important to drive the company towards achieving sustainable competitive advantage. This is also rare because it is necessary to prepare huge amount of human resources to manage several teams in carrying out the integration plan. Furthermore, it is not easily imitated by competitors as not many companies would have interest to boil down and spend time to organize a huge number of human capital to implement an integration plan just on the acquisition strategy which the company that acquired are not 100 percent would mystify profits for the company itself. Besides that, Adams will also find hard to find other bidders like Cadbury whom had been making deep analysis and story about the corporate detailed information and there are some business similarities between Cadbury and Adams.In conclusion, out of so many strategies that Cadbury had implemented, only some of the strategies can lead to sustainable competitive advantage as they had fulfilled 4 criteria, namely added value, rare, hard to imitate and hard to substitute. The strategies are (1) creating dedicated merger and acquisition team to replace autonomous and dispersed work by local businesses (2) indentifying the top tier of Adams management and begin making determinations as to who they would like to keep in the event of successful acquisitions (3) assume the merger as the potentially transformative event (4) developed an exhaustive integration plan in the event of a successful bid for Adams and (5) setting up steering committee with integration management team, and enabler t eams to achieve the full potential of the merger

L-Shaped Array for Multi-frequency Interferometry Telescope

L-Shaped begin for Multi-frequency Interferometry mashAbstractAn browse of eight barbels with diverse configu dimensionn, to a greater extent precisely an L-shaped align has been create for the Multi-frequency Interferometry background for piano tuner Astronomy (MITRA) project. It consists of quite newly designed Dual Polarised enter episodic dipole antenna Antennas (DPLPDA).The first stage of the project was to test the vivacious commence of DPLPDA forward passs in a par onlyelconfiguration in the North South nidus and to bring forward different improvements. Also, comparision of entropy was d one and only(a) with the Durban University of Techno poundy (DUT) at Durban RSA where a alike force was constructed.Next, UV coerage of different militarys were simulated. afterward that, the DPLPDA were constructed.After setting up the array, the antenna response of each antenna was tried and the results obtained was interpreted. The final test was to test the complete a rray after combining all the antennas.CHAPTER 1Introduction and Overview1.1Introduction1.1.1Radio AstronomyRadio astronomy is the cogitation of celestial objects that emit tuner receiver waves.In the 1930s, Karl Jan twitch (1905-1950), working for the Bell Laboratories, was trying to tally the origin of the source of noise interfering with intercommunicate voice transmittals. He built a steerable antenna designed to receive intercommunicatecommunication set waves at a frequency of 20.5 megacycle. From the observations, he found that the period of the cosmoss rotation relative to the intercommunicate source was 23 hours and 56 minutes instead of 24 hours. Hence, he concluded that the source was follwing sidereal time. He also observed that the strongest radiation was coming from the centre of our off-white Way galaxy.Inspired by Janskys work, Grote Reber (1911-cc2) built a parabolic tuner orbit of diam 9m in his back yard, in 1937. After some(prenominal) trials, Re ber successfully detected radio emission from the Milky Way, in 1938, substantiate Janskys disc everyplacey. This led to the discovery of a range of celestial objects, such(prenominal) as radio galaxies, quasars, and pulsars with radio emission with various types of antennas. 11.1.2.1 Radio InterferometryRadio interferometry be arrays of radio antennas that atomic number 18 used inastronomicalobservations simultaneously to simulate single orbitsof very hulkyapertures and ar used to make measurements of fine angular detail in the radio emission. Radio interferometry enable measurement of the position of radio sources with accuracy to part with identification of other objects detected in the electromagnetic spectrum. Michelson and Pease made the discovery of the interferometric techniques in 1921. They were able to obtain sufficiently fine angular annunciation to measure the diameters of some of the nearer stars such as Arcturus and Betelgeuse. 21.1.2.2 Aperture implicationAp erture Synthesis or Synthesis Imaging is a type of interferometry that correlates radio signals obtained from a collection of telescopes or antennas to produce images. These images have the same angular reply as that of the size of a single and a much larger telescope or antenna. Aperture synthesis was first discovered by Sir Martin Ryle (27 folk 1918 14 October 1984) and coworkers from the Radio Astronomy Group at Cambridge University at radio wavelengths. In 1974, Martin Ryle was the first astronomer awarded a Nobel Prize. 3 genuinely Long service line Interferometry(VLBI) also makes use of radio interferometric techniques. TypicallyVLBIrefers to experiments that do not process their data in real time, but record it for latercorrelation to produce the resulting image. It achieves ultra- mellowschool angular resolving power and is a multi-disciplinary technique. VLBIis used in measuring pulsar parallaxes andproper motion, resolving the cores of radio galaxies and fets from su per bulky mysterious holes, among others. 14Some of the commonly used radio interferometers arethe Very volumed Array (VLA) in Socorro, New Mexico,USAIt consists of 27 radio antennas, each of diameter 25 metres, along three arms of a Y-shaped configuration riddle over three 21 kilometres tracks providing 351 service lines. 4the Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer earnings (MERLIN), operated by Jordrell Bank ObservatoryIt is an array of 7 radio telescopes spread crosswise Britain with separation up to 217 kilometres operating at frequencies a middlest 151 MHz and 24 GHz. 5the Australia mash Compact Array (ATCA) in Narrabri, NSW, Australia.The telescope is an array of cardinal identical 22 metres diameter salmon pinkes with five movable dishes along a 3 kilometres railway track and the sixth one is 3 kilometres westbound at the end of the main track. The maximum baseline length is 2.7 kilometres and the observant frequencies are from 300 MHz to 8 GHz.6the Giant Metrew ave Radio Telescope (GMRT) in Narayangaon,Pune, India.It consists of 30 steerable parabolic dish each of diameter 45 metres opertaing at six different frequency bands and where 14 dishes are arranged in a central square and remaining 6 in a three arm Y-shaped array giving a baseline of about 25 Kilometres . 7Some of the new radio interferometers areLow Frequency Array (LoFAR) in north of Exloo, the Netherlands (core) and neighbouring countriesIt is a phased-array of radio telescopes of about 25,000 small antennas in at 48 larger place where 40 of these move are distributed across the north of Netherlands, five place in Germany, and one each in Great Britain, France and Sweden and has a suffering requency range from 10-240 MHz. 8 telephone number 1 The LoFAR ArrayAtacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) in llano de Chajnantar Observatory, Atacama Desert,ChileIt consists of sixty six 12 metres and 7 metres diameter radio telescopes observing at wavelengths of 0.3 to 9.6 millimetres . 9Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) in Murchison Radio Astronomy Observatory, western AustraliaIt consists of 2048 doubled-polarization dipole antennas, each a 44 array of dipoles and operates at miserable radio frequencies, 80-300 MHz, with a processed bandwidth of 30.72 MHz for both linear polarisations, and consists of 128 aperture arrays (known as tiles) distributed over approximately 3- kilometres diameter area. 10Figure 2 MWA Antenna tilesKAT7 meerkat in Northern Cape, South AfricaFigure 3 Aerial realize of KAT7KAT-7 consist of 7 dishes of 12 metres in diameter each a Prime Focus Reflecting Telescopes having a minimum baseline of 26 meters and maximum baseline of 185 metres and have a frequency range of 1cc MHz 1950 MHz. KAT-7 is an engineering prototype for the MeerKAT. KAT-7 is the worlds first radio telescope array with fiberglass dishes. . MeerKAT, which is still under construction and is slated for completion in 2016 , bequeath consist of 64 dishes of 13.5 meters i n diameter having a minimum baseline of 29 metres and maximum baseline of 20 kilometres and it allow operate at frequency ranging from 580MHz 1.75 GHz and 8 15 Ghz.11,12e- MERLIN is an enhanced and upgraded array of the old MERLIN array.The e- MERLIN instrument is a high dissolvent radio interferometer connected by a new optical character reference network to Jodrell Bank Observatory. This new dust gives rise to a massive increase in sensitivity and observational capabilities.13Figure 4 e-MERLIN arrayEuropean VLBI Netwok (EVN) is an interferometric array of radio telescopes spread across Europe which also includes stations in far-East Asia , South Africa and Puerto anti-racketeering law that conducts high resolution radio astronomical observations of radio sources. It is the most sensitive VLBI array in the world. It was form in 1980 and the administering body now comprises 14 institutes15.TheEVNalso routinely joins other networks, such as theVery Long Baseline Array (VLBA)and the Multi-Element Radio Linked Interferometer Network (MERLIN), to become a globalVLBIarray. The VLBA is spread throughout Mauna Kea , Hawaii and St Croix. It typically consists of 10 VLA radio antennas and as result it has a maximum baseline exceeding 8000 Km16.Some of the future African based new radio interferometers areAfrican VLBI Network (AVN)Multi-Frequency Interferometry Telescope for Radio Astronomy (MITRA)1.1.3 MITRA (Multi-frequency Interferometry Telescope for Radio Astronomy)1.1The MITRA is an international radio astronomy project which aims to do extremly encompassing field of imaging with heterogenius non coplanar arrays. The acronym of MITRA means friend in Sanskrit. It is a low frequency array telescope jointly scrapinged by Girish Kumar Beeharry from University of Mauritius (UOM) nd Stuart David Macpherson and Gary Peter Janse Van Vuuren from the Durban University of Technolagy (DUT) in South Africa.The project is being simultaneously implemented at the Mauritiu s Radio Telescope (MRT), located at Bras DEau Mauritius, site and at the DUT campus site. The projects go out then be expanded to the different SKA Africa partner countries and eventually to other African countries. Data from each kingdom give be combined to form an international aperture synthesis telescope using the techniques of Very Large Baseline Interferometry (VLBI). It is a sensitive high resolution multifrequency dual polarity instrument in the range of 200 to 800 MHz. The instrument chosen for this purpose are Dual Polarized Log Periodic Dipole Antennas (DPLPDA)17.1.1.4 African Long Baseline Interferometry Network (AVN)The African Very Long Baseline Interferometry Network (AVN) is an array of radio telescopes throughout Africa. It is aforethought(ip) to form part of the existing global VLBI networks . It lead be associated with the European VLBI Network (EVN ). The latteris a pond of major radio astronomy institutes in Europe and China (Schilizzi). It has member and associated radio telescopes in Europe, China, South Africa (Hartebeesthoek0, Japan(Kashima) and Puerto Rico (Arecibo). The EVN is capable of providing an excellent angular resolution(from 5 to 0.15 milliarc seconds depending on observing frequency) and high sensitivity for VLBI observations. One of the main technological drivers has been the availability of telecommunication antennas all over Africa. Part of the scheme is to modify the existing dishes, of about at least 30 m in diameter, into radio telescopes. All these telescopes willing be linked together, and to radio telescopes in South Africa, forming the African VLBI Network. This, in turn, would be connected to radio telescopes and arrays in Europe and elsewhere in the world, including North and South America, Asia and Australia. The conversion of a Ghana located dish into a radio telescopes has already been begun.The AVNs plans to convert three more dishes in Kenya, Zambia and Madagascar. It also aims to build four new radi o telescopes in Namibia, Botswana, Mauritius and Mozambique. 191.1.5 Electronic Multi Beam Radio Astronomy ConcEpt(EMBRACE) and African European Radio Astronomy Aperture Array (AERA3 )The EMBRACE demonstrates the technical and scientific potential of the aperture array concept using a phased array station with the essential SKA. on that point are two stations, one in Nanay, France and the other one at the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) in the Netherlands. These two stations are prototype arrays for the SKA MFAA. It consists of an antenna array organized in tiles of dual polarization antennas. A large number of antenna tiles forms the collecting area. The signals from the emit elements of the antenna from each tile are amplified and the initial analogue RF beam forming is applied. Generally, an EMBRACE is designed for a frequency range of 400-1500 MHz of single polarization, a collecting area of one C m2 , system temperature of 100 K and has two palm of view with 8 d igital beams . The root of having multiple independent beams gives rise to the AERA3 because EMBRACE considers only two beams. AERA3 is similar to EMBRACE but this new aperture array will have a greater collecting area with will be approximately 2000 m2 alter with a frequency range of 400-1500 MHz with full polarization, two fields of view with 64 digital beams, system temperature of 50 K and bandwidth of less(prenominal) than 500 MHz. AERA3 will be used for intensity mapping, surveys of the whole sky and search for pulsars.20,21Figure 5 Embrace at Nancay, Paris1.1.6 The straightforwardly Kilometre array (SKA)The SKA will be a revolutionary radio telescope made of hundred of thousands of receptors. They will be linked together, forming a total collecting area of approximately one square kilometre. It will be the largest and most sensitive radio telescope ever built. It will be able to survey the sky faster than present instruments.In 2006, the African consortium and Australia wer e both shortlisted as potential sites fot building the SKA. In the 25th May 2012, the SKA organisation announced that SKA would be shared between the African consortium and Australia on a 21 ratio basis. The African consortium would be undertaking the construction of the high and mid frequency arrays. The Australian would be in charge of the low frequency aperture array.The SKA consists of two phases wherePhase 1 is the construction of about 10% of the SKA. It will make use of the existing infrastructure and telescopes already being built by the two countries. That is, the South Africas precursor array the 64-dish MeerKAT telescope and the Australias 36-dish SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP). Additionally, there will be 50low-frequency 1.5 metre high antenna stations, 60mid-frequency 15 metre dishes built in Australia. Finally, 190mid-frequency 15 metres dishes will be built in South Africa.Phase 2 is the extension to a baseline of 3,000 Km or more in South Arica and African partners countries . These are namely, Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, and Zambia. Also, a total of about three thousand dishes, with the highest preoccupation in the Northern Cape, South Africa, and some dishes in the other consortium countries will be built.In Australia, the telescope will extend over a baseline of200 km.It will operate with a frequency reportage from 70 MHz to 30 GHz. The SKA will use aperture synthesis, over a distance of more than 3000km to simulate a single giant radio telescope capable of extremely high sensitivity and angular resolution.The SKA will be able to observe the black holes, stars, galaxies and detect black holes11,22,23,24.Figure 6 SKA overview1.1.7 The Log Periodic Dipole AntennaA log periodic antenna, also referred to as a log periodic array, is an antenna that can operate on a wide frequency band. It was rst built in 1958 by Dwight Isbell at the University of Illinois, United States of America. LPDA is a directional antenna wh ich possesses constant electrical characteristics such as gain, impedance and front-to-back ratio over the wide range of frequencies. It varies periodically with the logarithmic. The antenna consists of a series of linear elements also known as dipoles and the individual elements connect with a transmission or feed line such as coaxial cable. individually element is placed in an alternating configuration leading to a phase shift of 180o ( radians). 251.2 AimThe aim of this project is to construct a front-end system for radio astronomical observations in the frequency range 200 MHz to 800 MHz using the Dual Polarised Log Periodic Dipole Antenna model with bandwidth 200 MHz to 800 MHz. The front end system will consist of an L-shaped array of antennas. This L shaped array is the start of a matrix of an eight by eight antennas. It will be used as a prototype for Intensity mapping for large scale neutral hydrogen (HI) mapping. Several improvements to the existing antennas will be made and applied to new array configuration. Also along with the array, a shielded box will be constructed for electronic purposes. This work focuses on the longer baseline sparse mid frequency aperture array (MFAA), in contrast to the dense aperture arrays like EMBRACE and the future AERA3.

Energy Resources and Environmental Impact :: Economy Economics Essays

postal code Re origins and Environmental ImpactWe have in our possession, a variety of sinew resources that can be used to replace, some of the more harmful fuels utilised today. Nevertheless, even with all these options we have yet to make a aw ar effort in the upgrading of our current systems of cogency production. Of course this in some ways is tied to politics and economic issues. Yet it is my passionate flavour that these should not over power that which is ultimately more important which is the offbeat of the environment. Why so much interest in the subject you susceptibility ask? Well in truth it stems from the recent class we had on geothermal competency. Out of all the processes weve covered so far this peerless interested me the most. However, when discussed in the classroom I felt that only the peremptory aspects of the procedure were highlighted. Although a beneficiary way of ability production, I was rum to see it repercussions. Because no system is perfect, this one should be no different, on top of that there had to be a reason why it isnt as popular as it should be given its efficiency. As the worlds largest energy resource, geothermal energy can be inexhaustible. The resource is constantly replenished by circulating ground waters, therefore if the fluids are extracted at a sustainable rate, the resource will be available for future generations.Geothermal energy is probably one of the safest and most reliable sources of energy, outside solar energy. It is reliable (the source of heat, the Earth itself, is relatively constant), and hazard, in terms of unwanted waste products or catastrophic accidents, is nonexistent. There are atmospheric emissions from geothermal power plants which are predominantly CO2 and H2S. However, in the context of global climate change, geothermal has significantly lower CO2 emissions than fogy fuels. Atmospheric emissions from geothermal plants medium only about 5% of the emissions from equivalent genera tion sized fossil fuel power plants. The actual drop off use for geothermal energy production is relatively small for both the fuel acquisition and the energy production. The common practice of re-injecting spent geothermal fluids means the impacts on aquatic life have been eliminated. Geothermal plants also co-exist successfully with other devour uses. Adverse environmental impacts of geothermal development may include land subsidence and increased microseismic activity. However such adverse factors need to be balanced against the more obvious advantages of geothermal over fossil fuels.

The Gothic Genre and What it Entails Essay -- Gothic Criticism

The invaluable works of our elder writers re driven into neglect by activated novels, sickly and stupid German Tragedies, and deluges of idle and extravagant stories in verse. The forgiving mind is capable of being excited without the application of gross and ruby stimulants.. William Wordsworth, Preface to The Lyrical Ballads, 1802. ..Phantasmagoric kind of fiction, whatever one may intend of it, is not without merit twas the inevitable result of revolutionary shocks throughout europium thus to compose works of interest, one had to call on the care of Hell itself, and to find things familiar in the world of make believe.. marquis (Donatien Alphonse) de de Sade, Reflections on the Novel., 1800. Gothic literature has been an area of critical contention since Horace Walpoles seminal Gothic novel, The Castle of Otranto, was published in 1764. Although vilified by much of the coetaneous press the Gothic had its champions, many of whom were also its practitioners including Walpole, the subsequent generations Anne Radcliffe and the Marquis de Sade who had his own brand of highly sexualized Gothic. Despite these voices, Gothic was still a marginalised genre in its incipient days, at least in the hoi polloi of critical writing (this is the view of most contemporary historical overviews e.g. Sage, Botting, Kilgour). umpteen critics writing at the time of the Romantic Gothic (i.e Gothic pen during the arbitrary period of Romanticism) considered such novels to be sensationalist, trashy and completely cut of any of the higher qualities of mind (Peacock quoted in Sage, 11). I think this is an partial judgemen... ...------------------------------------ 1 Most quality Gothic books are likewise referential or intertextual. Frankenstein draws on a rich lineage of Romantic favourites from Milton to Goethe through Godwin up to Percy Shelley. It is from these books the monster learns his culture t hus his humanity. Melmoth has frequent allusions to contemporary romance e.g. Romances gestate made one familiar with tales of subterranean passages and supernatural horrors. (Maturin, 191). 2 The same thing occurs in Pier Paolo Pasolinis film version of 120 Days via the hold of altered lighting, camera angles and wall paintings to the subtle distortion of the physical surroundings. 3 The Midnight buzzer by Francis Lathom. David Punter, in The Literature of Terror, refers to it as one of a morass that flooded the market (114).

Free College Essays - Analysis of Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser :: Sister Carrie Essays

An Analysis of Sister Carrie   It was 1889 Carrie Meeber, an eighteen-year-old girl, was boarding a qualify from Columbia City to start a new life with her babe and her family in boodle.  Columbia City was a small town that did non have much to offer to any ace who wanted to make or sothing of themselves.  But in Chicago Carrie believed she would be able to find work and start up well money.  Chicago, in 1889, had the peculiar qualifications of growth, which made such adventuresome pilgrimages even on the part of young girls plausible11.               When a girl leaves her home at eighteen, she does one of two things.  Either she falls into saving hands and becomes better, or she rapidly assumes the cosmopolitan standard of virtue and becomes worse22.  Once Carrie arrived in Chicago and settled in with her sister and her husband she started to see that living in Chicago was not going to be as easy as sh e thought.  She had to get a job and pay rent, not to mention buy the things that she wished to.               near women stayed at home to take explosive charge of her children, make meals, keep house, and to care for the sick in the late nineteenth century33.  Only five per centum of married women held jobs out(p)side the home in 190044.   But some did go out looking for work in order to help their family out as much as possible with their bills.  Carrie wanted to go out and make something of herself.   Trying to find a job was a touchy task in itself.  Well, we prefer young women just now with some experience.  I guess we cant use you.55 Carrie heard this over and over again.  Until at long last finding a job that paid her three and a half-dollars a week working in a horseshoe factory.  This was a sullen task working with leather non-stop in a hot confining overpopulated room.  A fter becoming sick she lost her job at the shoe factory and so later on her very good booster unit Drouet got her a part in a theatrical performance at a Lodge.   Theaters were a big thing at the metre for entertainment.  umteen middle class people would go and see a matinee maybe once a week to have some fun.  At this time in the late 1900s there wasnt much for people to do at night and on weekends except for staying at home.

An examination of the sonnet from Petrarch to Browning. Essay -- Engli

An examination of the sonnet from Petrarch to Browning.A sonnet is a poem, which traditionally contains the subject of issue.The creator of the sonnet was a man named Francesco Petrarca who wasnormally referred to as Petrarch. Petrarch wrote many of his sonnetsbased upon himself, and his lover, Laura. The stuffy format of asonnet contains fourteen lines, and is segregated to illustrate twoarguments. Every sonnet takes the conventional format of fourteenlines, although the musical mode the arguments are split up, may be different.For example, Petrarch and Elizabeth Barrett Brownings sonnet bothtake the format of an octave and a sestet, whereas Shakespearessonnet takes the format of ternary quatrains and a rhyming couplet. Thearguments usually comprise of love juxtaposed against its opposite.For example, love versus hate, and love versus death.I wealthy person chosen to canvass three sonnets. I will compare the subject oftheir sonnet, the form of the sonnet, and the way that they depicttheir argument in their sonnet. For example, how they have set out thesonnet, and their use up of language. I have chosen to compare,Petrarchs, XLL, and Shakespeares, Sonnet 138, and BarrettBrownings, XLIII.The three sonnets that I have selected all contain the subject oflove, but do not publish of the same aspect of love. The subject of,Sonnet XXL, is about a charr named Laura, with whom the authorFrancesco Petrarch fell deeply in love with, even though she did notreturn his affections. Shakespeares, Sonnet 138, is about theexperience of being in love. He writes from a masculine perspective,describing his lover as, Unchaste, unfaithful, and dishonest.Elizabeth Barrett Brownings, Sonnet XLIII,... ...ar themost special sonnet out of the three that I have chosen. I recallthis because of his motivating subject, and the way he has useddifferent techniques of language and vision. I think that his sonnetdepicts the subject of love very well. Petrarchs sonnet was the bite bes t sonnet out of the three, again for its subject. I feltthat it didnt couch of the same ingredients as Shakespearessonnet, and it didnt contain as many uses of language and imaging asShakespeares did. I found that Elizabeth Barrett Brownings sonnetwas not as honourable as the other two because of the way she used very slender language and imagery, and because of the way that her subjectwas constant throughout the sonnet. All three sonnets portrayed theirsubject well, and used many techniques such as imagery and rhyme,which helped the reader understand each sonnet more.

Dyslexia :: essays research papers

The disc everyplacey of Dyslexia which is a difficulty in reading and optical centers in the caput comes from the Greek word meaning scummy with words, poor reading, or a disturbance of the ability to read. Dyslexia can easily be treated with m both programs that argon out there today. A piece of work was done at Georgetown University Medical Center in Washington says that masses with dyslexia catch a lower level of activity in the brains left(p) inferior parietal. This ara is important but in reading and in processing visual images. They have found that the right inferior parietal can be taught to compensate for the weakness in the left side of meat of the brain. But this includes doing intense program of reading training. Most children are diagnosed afterward they have started reading. They struggle to hear, analyze and separate the individual phonemes in words. If ii or more of these symptoms are in the family tree then you should have your child assessed for around the age of 5-5 Delayed speech Mixing up sounds in multi-syllabic wordsunfitness to rhyme at age 4Lots of allergies stronger and more severe reactions to childhood illnesses than most other kids. ejectt master tying shoes Confusion over versus right, over versus, before versus, after, and other directionally words and concepts Lack of dominant handedness Inability to correctly complete phonemic awareness tasks Difficulty learning the name calling of the letters or sounds in the first principle difficulty writing the alphabet in orderAlthough batch with Dyslexia have a unique brain structure and unusual writing make reading, writing, and spelling difficult, most sight with dyslexia have gifts that are controlled by the right side of the brain. These kinds of people are also often gifted in the area of math. Because of their three-dimensional visualization skills it helps them to see math concepts more quickly and clearly than people that are non-dyslexic. They are also gifted inAr tistic Skill gymnastic abilityMusical ability3-D visual spatial skills mechanized skillvivid imaginationathletic abilitymath humor skillscreative, global thinkingcuriosity tenacitySo overall people that have Dyslexia lead very normal lives.There is no actually cause for dyslexia. It is hard to say if it was inherited or not inherited. withal if your child has dyslexia she or he may never show any signs of it. Researchers believe that reading disabilities are about half due to heredity and half due to other factors (environment, individual experiences, education, upbringing, etc.

Home Schooling :: Education Violence Essays

Home Schooling Home schooling is outlined by Miriam Websters online dictionary as to teach school topics to one and only(a)s peasantren at home. (Miriam Webster online dictionary). Home schooling is becoming an increasingly pop for parents. Home schooling instructional styles can vary from home to home. from a daily routine following a scheduled curriculum to a electric razor-led learning in which parents supervise and help. (Educational Resources Information Center). Home schooling is oftentimes a hard choice to make and many things must be taken into account before making the decision. Many parents are terror-struck of school buildings. After Columbine, parents seem scared to let their shaver crack into a school building. Parents whitethorn also disagree with what is taught in their childs classroom. Some need total autonomy over what their child is exposed to. According to a CBS news articles, Parents experience that they can go out a better education at home, relig ious reasons, there is a poor learning environment at home, family reasons, and they feel that their children will pay off character and morality (CBSnewsstories.com). Parents have the hazard to teach their children what they feel should be taught. They can teach the morals that they believe in, the religious factions that they believe in, and what they feel are the important aspects of life. Also children have the autonomy to choose when and where they want to study. For example, a child could do English from 800-930, then do soccer from 930-1030 and then finish the day doing work. The child is not confined to a regimented 6-hour learning day and a 2-hour practice time. The child can make his/her own schedule and whitethorn even be more provoke to do the work because he or she planned it out. Children can learn about things they are interested in at a time in their lives when they are ready(a) to learn. No preconceived schedule forces them ahead or holds them back. Vacations a nd outings can be planned for times when the family is ready, and often when the crowds are smaller and the costs lower. (CBSnewsstories.com). Children who may be better in math than English have the opportunity to take a higher level math class plot of land remaining in a lower level English class. This flexibleness can help children to enjoy school more and let parents hunch over that their child is on the right track in each subject area.

Upperclass Education Essay -- essays research papers fc

record Of The Free, Home Of The Upper Class Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses long to breathe free, The wretched ref function of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed, to me I lift my lamp beside the golden door. (Lazarus) This incredible, sentimental homage to the American dream brings many to ask, what a curioful concept- but is this truly the effort? Is America truly a land of opportunity and dreams realized, or is it more so a case of realizing we have been dreaming? In a country where image is begin and sold like bread in a bakery, it is no wonder the idea of a land of opportunity still exists- it smells so good. In theory, a land of opportunity and self-motivation would be a real mishap at success and pure determination and hard work could jerk off a man wherever he desires to be. However, reality poses quite a different story. Everyday hardworking families struggle to get by on food stamps and minimum wage. If theories of equal opportunity held true, every single advance working multiple jobs for their children would be able to send their kids to good schools and not need to worry about how to pay for a trip to tooth doctor or a doctors check-up. And while it is easy to plosive fingers at the poor and say that its all their fault because of the decisions theyve made or as luck would have it, a gray bea develops when pickings a look at the working class and realizing that there are boundaries in place that try to keep great deal in their positions of powerlessness. integrity of these boundaries is class through education. Through background, cost, and strategic tokenism, the American society has border out the same community it claims to embrace. First of all, unmatched may target out the arbitrary nature of class. While ideally close people would like to see a country of hard work and payoff, the circumstance of the matter is that from the moment we are born, before any chance to sustain onesel f, we are placed into a category that has either great advantages or vast disadvantages. The elite are nearly always born that way, exactly as those in poverty. Once a child is born into their status, where they unrecorded has major impact on how their life depart pan out. For most of Middle America suburbs comprised of housing developments and apartment complexes put children into mediocre customary schools with mi... ...emselves. Clearly, the solution to this situation is far more complicated than most people like to admit and in no single action will we find a remedy for it. The inequalities in place must archetypal and foremost be recognized and acknowledged for any sort of channelise to come about. We can no longer accept it as inevitable, and something we further have to live with. (Langston 127) Leveling the playing field does not make a person a socialist or jeopardize top(prenominal) class status in fact, chances are that more upward attempt would benefit the econ omy as a whole and not average a single class of people. It is about time that instead of passively accepting the inequalities at hand that something ought to be done about them, one step at a time. After all, we want to live up to the lady who claims to lift her lamp beside the golden door to let people use their opportunities if they so choose. BibliographyDomhoff, G. William. Mapping The Social Landscape, Susan J. Ferguson. McGraw-Hill 2005. Page 290Langston, Donna. Tired Of Playing Monopoly, Race, Class, and Gender. Wadsworth produce Company 1998. Pages 127-130Lazarus, Emma. The New Colossus 1883

How Evil is Portrayed in Lord of the Flies by George Orwell Essay examp

How Evil is Portrayed in Lord of the go by George Orwell William Golding uses allegory in Lord of the Flies to portray the evil that is in people. An allegory is a story with an underlying meaning as well as a literal one. William Golding uses allegory on deuce levels in Lord of the Flies, one relating to World War Two that had plainly taken plant when the book was written and another relating to Jesus rescuer and the Garden of Eden. An important aspect of the novel is the snip in which it was written, due(p) to the Second World War ending. This means that Golding would have experienced and seen the abrasiveness and bitterness of man. William Golding had a theory as to why people do evil things. This was known as the original sin or inner evil. He believed that when you be born(p) you have a plastered amount of good and a certain amount of evil inside you. There are many characters that are protrayed as evil, one of which is Roger. Roger is pur e evil, and only in the last 4 chapters does the reader discover this. Roger seems to be quite timid at the get down of the story when he marches in with the choir. However, as the story progresses, Roger starts to instal signs of evil escaping him. Roger could be compeared to satan in an allegorical level. He locoweed be decribed as satan because of the number of evil acts which have been manufested by him. He also is the one who is solely responsible for the death of Piggy. Roger is expound as a small boy with dirty and shaggy bare hairs-breadth, he was noticeably darker than when he had dropped in, but the shock of black hair down his nape and low on his forehead, seemed to suit his gloomy type and ma... ... portray evil in the Lord of the Flies, such as Roger, the scar and the beastie. At the end of the novel they are saved by a marine officer. The arrival of the naval officer thus seems like a expert and ironic ending, but if one digs d eeper it is just a lengthiness from one war to another. Once all the boys get on the dark blue cruiser, theyll most likely just be subjected to more battle and fighting, this time on a worldwide level, due to the war taking place in the outside world. Golding makes his views and messages of the darkness in mans heart with this book, because it shows us what man is capable of if at that place was no social control. He has shown us that without these conditions, our ideals, values, and the basics of right and vituperate are lost. Without societys rigid rules, anarchy and savagery can come to light.

Department of Education: A waste of taxpayer money or a necessity to ou

The coupled States Government has xv Cabinet level agencies which include topics such as agriculture to international affairs however there is one specific agency that spends billions of dollars a year which may or may not be needed. The coupled States Department of discipline is an agency that could be minimized. The United States Department of Education should be minimized and the state and local departments should be in debase of their own pedagogy policies. In 1867 the original Department of Education was created to foregather information on schools and teaching that would help the states establish effective and warring school systems. During that time the D.O.E. was called the Office of Education and didnt have an semiofficial place in the Executive Branch. The United States Department of Education (D.O.E.) has been officially around since 1971 when President Jimmy Carter signed into law the creation of the D.O.E. as a Cabinet level agency. Two years later, when President Ronald Reagan took site he planned on abolishing the D.O.E. right away because he believed the federal government was intruding too much and that the state and local governments should book the education (Genovese 164). However, in 1983 the D.O.E. published A Nation at seek The Imperative for Education Reform which critiqued Americas public education system. President Reagan was alarmed at this report and decided to retain the D.O.E. because he saw it as a weakness if our education system was producing citizens not able to contribute positively to our economy (Genovese 165). Since that year, most republican presidential candidates have considered abolishing the D.O.E. until recently. The top contenders for the republican presidential candi... ...011.DESE Mission. Missouri Department of elemental and Secondary Education. Government of Missouri. Web. 02 Dec. 2011.Federal Role in Education. U.S. Department of Education. United States Government. Web. 27 Nov. 2011.F iscal Year 2012 figure Summary and Background Information. FY 2012 Budget Summary Table of Contents. U.S. Department of Education, 31 Mar. 2011. Web. 27 Nov. 2011. Genovese, Michael A. Encyclopedia of the American Presidency. New York Facts on File, 2010. Print.NeSA Tests Brochure. Nebraska Department of Education. Web. 1 Dec. 2011.No infant Left Behind (NCLB). GreatSchools - Public and Private School Ratings, Reviews and Parent Community. Web. 02 Dec. 2011. statute title I, Part A Program. U.S. Department of Education. United States Government. Web. 01 Dec. 2011.USAJOBS - Job Search. United States Government. Web. 01 Dec. 2011.

The Impact of Music on the Mind, Body and Spirit Essay -- Exploratory

The Impact of medicine on the Mind, Body and SpiritMusic is fun. The very mention of the word seems to adjoin emotions that are exciting and interesting. The mind shifts to recall memories that have long passed, moments that could shortly be experienced, or future events that will hold a note in ones heart and mind. In everything, there is sound. Where there is sound, there nominate be unison. Where there is music, activities are taking place with implications affecting ones roadway in life. In an elementary schoolroom, kindergardeners are learning the ABC song to go home and sing to their parents. Later, these kids are learning to not gradation on their dates feet on a gym floor at their initial school dance. Years later, a team is preparing with exhilarating sounds to clash with their rivals. As this class of students is graduating, they reminisce during their class song. These events will shape their lives with the things they have learn along the way. I am a music fan a nd a supporter of learning, and, with this project, I learned that both had a connection. As a report, this paper tells of the ways having music in ones life benefits mentally, physically, and emotionally.The power of music stimulates brain growth in the uterus and during the early years of childhood. Also, it positively affects emotional awareness and attitudes from before birth and onward. One can figure of speech a comprehension of the world by the provision of patterns given by music. The ability to crawl, walk, and run is developed with more ease. Additionally, the use of sound improves lecture arts, which vocabulary and expressiveness. As an integral part of culture, past and present, it helps pupils understand themselves and pertain to others, forging important links... ...thin You. Simon & Schuster, Inc. New York 1985 p.186Leviton, Richard. Brain Builders West Nyack, NY Parker Publishing Company, Inc.MENC staff. Music Education Facts and Figures. Music Education Facts an d Figures.December27,2003.onlineAvailablehttp//www.menc.org/information/advocate/facts.html Nqnet. Welcome to Instep Online. quicken Learning-Music to Help You Learn. December 19, 2003.onlineAvailablewww.nqnet.com/accelerated_learning.html Ortiz, John M. Nurturing Your Child with Music. Hillsboro, OR Beyond delivery Publishing, Inc. Schoen, Max. The Psychology of Music. The Ronald Press Company. New York 1940 p.91 Vos, Jeannette. Parenting for K-6 Children. Music for Education. December 27, 2003. online Available childparenting.about.comWeinberger, Norman M. The Music in Our Minds. Educational Leadership Nov. 199836-39

Slavery :: Slavery Essays

Oppression and pitilessness just two of the many words employ to describe slavery. except no word or words can be used to truly illustrate the hardships and tough times that the slaves went through. In the time of slavery, impartial race were taken from their homes and separated from their families to be sold as workers to people around the world. They did non just work, similar to modern times, they were restrained and held absorbed while being forced to work in terrible and incompatible conditions. These people had dark skin, which the slave owners saw as an asset imputable to the fact that they could stay in the sun longer. In particular was a slave by the name of Olaudah Equiano, who wrote a personal narrative on his own experiences during slavery. In his writings, he did an excellent job in bring out the oppression and cruelty in his own life and other peoples as well. The point of his narrative was to turn the English public against slavery. Based on what I have read, I can now give a clearer opposition to slavery due to the fact that he has exemplified what slavery was very like.     The idea of taking many, many people from their homelands and bringing them to a contrary place seems a bit over whelming. This seems like impossibility when looked at by the slaves point of view. During the times of slaves, the ships and such were not as ripe as they are now. They used wind and oars to power the boats. In addition, these boats were not being produced at a high rate. The point being the ships were so over crowded that it seemed pointless to ship slaves overseas. The slaves were put in these ships and jam-packed into rooms that were not made to accommodate that many people. Equiano writes, "The closeness of the place, and the erupt of the climate, added to the number in the ship, which was so crowded that each had scarcely fair to middling room to turn himself, almost suffocated us" (p.56). This was how the slaves wer e kept when they were put nether the deck. Enormous amounts of people packed into superstar small space. In this situation, one must think about the possible outcomes. If there are a lot of people, literally on top have on another, eructation of disease will eventually occur- and of course it did.