Behaviour Self Management Essay

deportment Self-Management Project to Increase Studying Behaviour Behaviour Modification is a technique or approach utilize by behavioral psychologists to modify a particular conduct and is by and large utilize in a clinical or educational setting, in particular with those with larn disabilities (Atherton, 2011). Moreover, it as hale as considered to be a interference approach, as it substitutes hateful doingss with desired ones by dint of the process of positive or negative strengthener (Gary, 1988).Furthermore, demeanor passing has been characterd to treat numerous mental problems much(prenominal) as obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), phobias, enuresis, generalised anguish disorder, separation anxiety disorder and many more. Subsequently, this technique has alike been used to correct maladaptive behaviours by changing un loveable behaviours such as smoking, overeating, nail biting and former(a)s, as it aims to encourage the substitution of good behaviours such as poring over, weight loss and etc (ODonohue and Ferguson, 2006).The principles of behaviour modification were prime(prenominal) veritable by B. F Skinner, who had formulated the purpose of operant conditioning. Skinner, had developed the concept of positive reinforcement or punishment, whereby behaviours atomic number 18 changed or encouraged through with(predicate) a reward system. Furthermore, the operant conditioning surmisal as well states that for learning to occur, it is grand that the subject is an active participant (Sheldon, 1982).In addition, behaviour modification was also formulated by Ivan Pavlov and is famously known as immaculate conditioning, as it is merely based on a stimuli-response formula. Besides that, Albert Bandura also contributed to behaviour modification principles, through his theory of societal modelling (Baldwin & Baldwin, 1981). The theory states that learning occurs as a result of copyin g or imitating other people, and is termed as vicarious learning. Addition whollyy, the theory also states that external reinforcers are important because it enables learning to occur independently of the reinforcements.Consequently, behaviour modification underlies a bod of theoretical positions such that human behaviour can easily be influenced by the presentation of consequences and could be strengthened if the behaviour is followed by rewards, as wellhead as substandard if followed by negative consequences (Guez & Allen, 2000). Moreover, human behaviour is not but controlled by internal factors, but is also control by external factors such as social rewards like praises or gifts.Thus, the principles of behaviour modification is different compared to other techniques in changing behaviours, because it addresses the ring factors as well as singular factors that can promote or derail behaviour change. Addition everyy, behaviour modification has also proved its specialty in i ncrease students appropriate patternroom behaviours. A knowledge had employed behaviour modification in ii sanction grade Negro girls in a demonstration school for the culturally deprived (Wasik, Senn, Welch, & Cooper, 1969).Data collected in the study was based on type, duration, and frequency of teachers verbal interactions with the student. The study also had employ an ABAB design, whereas manipulation included positive social reinforcement when appropriate behaviours occurred. penalty had included the use of timeout from social reinforcements, as these behaviours were contingent on remote attention getting behaviours. It was observed that afterward 25 daytimes, desirable behaviour in the classroom had attachd remarkably from 80. % in service line to 99. 20% in preventative and continued to remain high even after three months.Therefore, this shows that behaviour modification is an effective method to amplification desirable behaviours. Target Behaviour It is ess ential and important that the rank behaviour an individual wants to change is usablely defined. The particular behaviour would also require assessment, through collection of the baseline data. Furthermore, the behaviour that I want to change is to make up my study behaviour, which is a behavioural deficit.Ever since I was in school, I was always known to study towards the end of the semester and could generally be considered as last minute canvass. Subsequently, I would tend to be easily disconcert by external stimuli such as watching movies or serial publication on the computing device, calling up friends and talking for time of days as well as easily persuaded to go out. I ingest been known since young to be very outgoing, thus whenever friends call and ask me to meet up with them, I am bound to go.Therefore, it usually delays my ability to follow my studying muniment that I have created before the semester starts. Moreover, my main antecedent that unable me to land up my suggested devil hours studying per night every calendar weekday is also because I have a tendency to download movies or series on the computer and wasting 4 hours or more watching it. There are also consequences that I face because of my procrastination to study, because after watching these series, I would only tend to study less than an hour or not at all if I am tired.Consequently, I would cram all the materials during study week and end up being exhausted. This also is a reason as to why I tend to get macabre during exam week, because it causes me to have high level of stress and in process would affect my health. Hence, these are valid reasons as to why I tang like I need to change my behaviour and start studying more hours as I should so that I would not be stressed out during exams. Besides that, stress could also cause ulcers and the leafy vegetable cold, which in turn could be a setback to me during exam week as I am prone to get ulcers.Additionally, it would also render me to focus more to improve my grade ratings to my expectations as I pass on soon complete my undergraduate program. Other than that, increasing my studying behaviour would also allow me to get sufficient sleep and rest for the coming(prenominal) exam and it would also benefit me in terms of managing my time efficiently. method Design The design that I have chosen for this particular self-importance circumspection check is the ABAB reversal design.This design represents the attempt to startle broadside the baseline, the treatment that follows the initial baseline, the introduction of the abetly baseline as well as the reintroduction of the treatment again. Additionally, this method of application helps identify the effects of treatment and measure what happens when treatment is remote. Hence, this research design would help establish whether usable relationship exists between the target behaviour and intervention.Materials The materials used in this get a line i nclude a structured diary that is magnetic disced in the computer, behaviour contract, handphone, post-it notes, vie tease and reminders. Procedure Additionally, for this particular behaviour modification project, the operational definition is first defined as reading pages from the textbook and underlining as well as understanding sentences in the text and reading notes from the lectures for 2 hours.Furthermore, the behaviour would be recorded through self monitoring during baseline and treatment period as the behaviour does not occur ofttimes throughout the day and it only occurs during the period when no one else is somewhat to observe. The observational period is recorded in the natural setting, which is in the study room at my home, and it is where studying behaviour typically occurs.The type of behavioural recording used is the duration recording, whereby studying behaviour is observed for two hours, between 8. 30p. m to 10. 0p. m on weekdays only. Next, in order to incre ase studying behaviour during weekdays, a generalised conditioned reinforcer, which is the detail economy system is used because it reinforces the behaviour and minimises the need to use reactive strategies to breed with setbacks as well as it enables the ability to pair up with a variety of other reinforcers. In addition, the token economy is a playing card with my housemates signature on it, and one card would be given each day, whenever the desired behaviour occurred at least 2 hours a day.Furthermore, the acquired tokens would be eligible to trade with certain privileges and would be confiscate if the behaviour does not meet the evaluate requirements. Hence, a variety of living reinforces are used in exchange with the accumulated playing cards on every Friday to determine the type of privileges that would be given and win information is provided in the behavioural contract (Appendix A). Besides that, punishment would be provided if I fail to meet the expected requirement. Additionally, the schedule of reinforcement chosen for this particular project is fixed interval, whereby studying behaviour is reinforced only if it occurs for at least two hours. The behaviour occurrence would also be recorded in the computer, as the behaviour occurs at home in the study room. Besides that, during the treatment period, my friends and housemate have also promised to give me social support and reinforcements. In addition, various types of response and stimulus prompts are also used in this project. Verbal prompts such as reminders to study are used by friends and housemates to evoke the desired behaviour in myself.They impart do this by not persuading me to go out with them and reminding me to study instead. Furthermore, environmental prompts are also used in this project such as post its on the mirror, computer in the study room and class file that I carry to class every day, as well as using the hand phone to set alarm to study. In addition, within prompt fade w as used in the second treatment period, for response prompts, whereby friends and boyfriend provided fewer verbal prompts as the week progressed during treatment period.Next, stimulus fading was also used in the second treatment period for environmental prompts, whereby on the first day, removal of alarm measure would be used and for subsequent days, one post its would be removed from either the mirror, computer or class file until the last day of treatment. Results The baseline and treatment data was collected for a period of quaternity weeks and intervention was applied during treatment 1 and treatment 2. Figure 1 Studying behaviour in baseline and treatment weeks.Figure 1 shows that during the first baseline, studying behaviour did not occur at all for the first two days, one hour for the third, again none on the quaternary and two hours on the fifth day. Hence, the intermediate studying hours for the first baseline week is 0. 4 hours or 24 minutes. Furthermore, this could be intelligibly seen in the structured diary attached for the first baseline (Appendix B). Next, intervention took place in the second week, whereby various strategies were used to increase studying behaviour.Results showed that studying behaviour had occurred for two hours for the first and second day, one hour for the third day, two hours for the fourth day, and none on the fifth day. This shows that studying behaviour had increased to an average of 1. 4 hours a day and that in that location was an increase of 50% from the initial baseline to the treatment period. Moreover, the self management project had returned to baseline on the third week and results showed that studying behaviour had occurred for 2. hours on the first day, one hour on the second, none on the third and fourth and two hours on the fifth day.Thus, the average studying behaviour was 1. 1 hours a day for the second baseline period. Although the average hours were less compared to the treatment period, however, th ere was definitely an increase compared to the first baseline period, whereby average hours were only 0. 4 hours. Next, intervention was again applied and the second treatment results showed that studying behaviour occurred for one hour on the first day, 2. hours on the second, two hours on the third, one hour on the fourth, and two hours on the fifth day. Hence, the average studying hours is approximately 1. 7 hours a day. Thus, this also shows that there is an increase of studying behaviour between the second baseline and second treatment period. Besides that, there is also a staggering increase from the initial baseline and second treatment period, that precedes to oscillate in the second baseline, when intervention was removed.DiscussionThe behaviour modification project to increase studying behaviour was definitely a success because the graphs showed an increase in hours of studying as compared to the baseline data, thus indicating that there us a functional relationship betwe en the target behaviour and the procedure. Furthermore, it is fair that the token economy system was a contributor to the success of increasing studying behaviour because once token economy was removed in the second baseline the target behaviour had decreased tremendously.In addition, the target behaviour had increased when the second intervention was applied in the fourth week. Moreover, the use of reinforcements and punishment also helped me to keep myself motivated and determined to arrive at the weekly goal that was set. Besides that, the use of within stimulus fading helped me generalise my behaviour to the subsequent weeks ahead, hence I had gradually alter myself with getting used to having less and less prompts throughout the week.However, there were also some limitations in this project, whereby, the duration of treatment intervention is too unretentive to allow the behaviour to fully adjust and be generalised without the use of prompts. In addition, self monitoring was used during observation of behaviour for the baseline data. Observer may not be trained enough to record her own behaviour, hence data may not be as reliable as compared to having an inter rater observation. Moreover, the implementation of reinforcement contingency was my housemate, and sometimes the reinforcements were given a day later because she is not around.This has touched the effectiveness of the token as a reinforcing consequence as some deliveries of the token did not occur immediately after the response occurred according to the expected schedule. Furthermore, due to the delay between the response and token, it could have also affected the connection strength of the behaviour. In conclusion, behaviour modification is definitely an effective treatment method to help increase, decrease or develop impertinently behaviours and it is applicable to use in a variety of problematic behaviours.